NF P18-051-1994 飞灰试验方法.第1部分:游离氧化钙的测定

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【英文标准名称】:Dense,shapedrefractoryproducts-Determinationofcoldcompressivestrength-Part2:Testwithpacking
【原文标准名称】:致密、定型耐火制品.常温耐强度测定.第2部分:有热片试验
【标准号】:ISO10059-2-2003
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2003-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC33
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:机械试验;耐火材料;定义;抗压强度;试验;成型耐火材料;耐熔制品;隔离件;测定;环境温度
【英文主题词】:Ambienttemperatures;Compressivestrength;Definitions;Determination;Mechanicaltesting;Refractorymaterials;Refractoryproducts;Shapedrefractories;Spacers;Testing;Tests
【摘要】:ThispartofISO10059specifiesamethodforthedeterminationofthecoldcompressivestrengthofdenseshapedrefractoryproductsasanalternativetothatdescribedinISO10059-1.
【中国标准分类号】:Q45
【国际标准分类号】:81_080
【页数】:5P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforNaI(Tl)Gamma-RaySpectrometryofWater
【原文标准名称】:用NaI(TI)γ射线光谱法处理水的标准规程
【标准号】:ASTMD4962-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.04
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:γ辐射;放射性同位素;水质分析
【英文主题词】:gammapulseheightanalysis;gammarayspectrometry;multichannelanalyzer;sodiumiodidedetector
【摘要】:Gamma-rayspectrometryisusedtoidentifyradionuclidesandtomakequantitativemeasurements.Useofacomputerandalibraryofstandardspectrawillberequiredforquantitativeanalysisofcomplexmixturesofnuclides.Variationofthephysicalgeometryofthesampleanditsrelationshipwiththedetectorwillproducebothqualitativeandquantitativevariationsinthegamma-rayspectrum.Toadequatelyaccountforthesegeometryeffects,calibrationsaredesignedtoduplicateallconditionsincludingsource-to-detectordistance,sampleshapeandsize,andsamplematrixencounteredwhensamplesaremeasured.Thismeansthatacompletesetoflibrarystandardsmayberequiredforeachgeometryandsampletodetectordistancecombinationthatwillbeused.Sincesomespectrometrysystemsarecalibratedatmanydiscretedistancesfromthedetector,awiderangeofactivitylevelscanbemeasuredonthesamedetector.Forhigh-levelsamples,extremelylowefficiencygeometriesmaybeused.Quantitativemeasurementscanbemadeaccuratelyandpreciselywhenhighactivitylevelsamplesareplacedatdistancesof1mormorefromthedetector.Electronicproblems,suchaserroneousdeadtimecorrection,lossofresolution,andrandomsumming,maybeavoidedbykeepingthegrosscountratebelow2000countspersecondandalsokeepingthedeadtimeoftheanalyzerbelow5%.Totalcountingtimeisgovernedbytheactivityofthesample,thedetectorsourcedistance,andtheacceptablePoissoncountinguncertainty.1.1Thispracticecoversthemeasurementofradionuclidesinwaterbymeansofgamma-rayspectrometry.Itisapplicabletonuclidesemittinggamma-rayswithenergiesgreaterthan50keV.Fortypicalcountingsystemsandsampletypes,activitylevelsofabout40Bq(1080pCi)areeasilymeasuredandsensitivitiesofabout0.4Bq(11pCi)arefoundformanynuclides(1-10).Countratesinexcessof2000countspersecondshouldbeavoidedbecauseofelectroniclimitations.Highcountratesamplescanbeaccommodatedbydilutionorbyincreasingthesampletodetectordistance.1.2Thispracticecanbeusedforeitherquantitativeorrelativedeterminations.Intracerwork,theresultsmaybeexpressedbycomparisonwithaninitialconcentrationofagivennuclidewhichistakenas100%.Forradioassay,theresultsmaybeexpressedintermsofknownnuclidicstandardsfortheradionuclidesknowntobepresent.Inadditiontothequantitativemeasurementofgamma-rayactivity,gamma-rayspectrometrycanbeusedfortheidentificationofspecificgamma-rayemittersinamixtureofradionuclides.Generalinformationonradioactivityandthemeasurementofradiationhasbeenpublished(11and12).Informationonspecificapplicationofgamma-rayspectrometryisalsoavailableintheliterature(13-16).1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_30
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】: