ASTM C1458-2009e1 用量热分析进行钚、氚和241Am无损试验的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforNondestructiveAssayofPlutonium,Tritiumand241AmbyCalorimetricAssay
【原文标准名称】:用量热分析进行钚、氚和241Am无损试验的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1458-2009e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C26.10
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Atmosphericanalysis;Calorimeter;Nondestructiveevaluation(NDE)--nuclearapplications;Plutonium;Tritium
【摘要】:ThistestmethodisthemostaccurateNDAtechniquefortheassayofmanyphysicalformsofPu.Isotopicmeasurementsbygamma-rayspectroscopyordestructiveanalysistechniquesarepartofthetestmethodwhenitisappliedtotheassayofPu.CalorimetryhasbeenappliedtoawidevarietyofPu-bearingsolidsincludingmetals,alloys,oxides,fluorides,mixedPu-Uoxides,mixedoxidefuelpins,waste,andscrap,forexample,ash,ashheels,salts,crucibles,andgraphitescarfings)(2,3).ThistestmethodhasbeenroutinelyusedatU.S.andEuropeanfacilitiesforPuprocessmeasurementsandnuclearmaterialaccountabilityforthelast40years(2-9).Pu-bearingmaterialshavebeenmeasuredincalorimetercontainersranginginsizefromabout0.025mtoabout0.60mindiameterandfromabout0.076mtoabout0.9minheight.Gamma-rayspectroscopytypicallyisusedtodeterminethePu-relativeisotopiccompositionand241AmtoPuratio(seeTestMethodC1030).Isotopicinformationfrommassspectrometryandalphacountingmeasurementsmaybeused(seeTestMethodC697).ThistestmethodisthemostaccurateNDAmethodforthemeasurementoftritium.Formanyphysicalformsoftritiumcompoundscalorimetryistheonlypracticalmeasurementtechniqueavailable.Physicalstandardsrepresentativeofthematerialsbeingassayedarenotrequiredforthetestmethod.Thistestmethodislargelyindependentoftheelementaldistributionofthenuclearmaterialsinthematrix.Theaccuracyofthemethodcanbedegradedformaterialswithinhomogeneousisotopiccomposition.Thethermalpowermeasurementistraceabletonationalmeasurementsystemsthroughelectricalstandardsusedtodirectlycalibratethecalorimetersortocalibratesecondary238Puheatstandards.Heat-flowcalorimetryhasbeenusedtopreparesecondarystandardsforneutronandgamma-rayassaysystems(7-12).CalorimetrymeasurementtimesaretypicallylongerthanotherNDAtechniques.Fourparametersoftheitemandtheitempackagingaffectmeasurementtime.Thesefourparametersaredensity,mass,thermalconductivity,andchangeintemperature.Themeasurementwellofpassivecalorimeterswillalsoaffectmeasurementtimebecauseittoowillneedtocometothenewequilibriumtemperature.Calorimetersoperatedinservomodemaintainaconstantmeasurementwelltemperatureandhavenoeffectonmeasurementtime.Calorimetermeasurementtimesrangefrom20minutes(13)forsmaller,temperature-conditioned,containersupto24hforlargercontainersanditemswithlongthermal-timeconstants.Measurementtimesmaybereducedbyusingequilibriumpredictiontechniques,bytemperaturepreconditioningoftheitemtobemeasured,oroperatingthecalorimeterusingtheservo-controltechnique.1.1Thistestmethoddescribesthenondestructiveassay(NDA)ofplutonium,tritium,and241Amusingheatflowcalorimetry.Forplutoniumthetypicalrangeofapplicabilitycorrespondsto~1gto~2000gquantitieswhilefortritiumthetypicalrangeextendsfrom~0.001gto~10g.Thistestmethodcanbeappliedtomaterialsinawiderangeofcontainersizesupto50L.Ithasbeenusedroutinelytoassayitemswhosethermalpowerrangesfrom0.001Wto135W.1.2Thistestmethodrequiresknowledgeoftherelativeabundancesoftheplutoniumisotopesandthe241Am/Pumassratiotodeterminethetotalplutoniummass.1.3Thistestmethodprovidesadirectmeasureoftritiumcontent.1.4Thistestmethodprovidesameasureof241Ameitherasasingleisotopeormixedwithplutonium.1.......
【中国标准分类号】:F46
【国际标准分类号】:27_120_30
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语